Which scientist introduced the concept of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in 1861?

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The idea being tested is that bacteria have different oxygen needs: some require oxygen to grow (aerobic) and others do not and can thrive without it (anaerobic). Louis Pasteur introduced this distinction in 1861, showing through experiments that exposure to air determines which microbes can thrive, revealing two groups based on their relationship with oxygen. This laid the groundwork for understanding how microbial metabolism works, with aerobic bacteria using oxygen for energy and anaerobic bacteria relying on fermentation or anaerobic pathways, and some microbes being capable of growing in either condition (facultative anaerobes). This concept also informs how we culture bacteria in the lab and interpret infections, since different organisms have different oxygen requirements. Other figures listed are known for antisepsis, microscopy, and anatomy, not for establishing the aerobic/anaerobic distinction.